Kongruens og tællelighed. Kongruens betyder, at subjekt (grundled) og verballed (udsagnsled) skal passe sammen. Tællelighed betyder, at substantivet (navneordet) kan tælles, dvs det kan få en ubestemt artikel, og talord foran sig og det kan få en flertalsendelse = “sættes i flertal”. På dansk ændrer et verballed (udsagnsled) sig ikke i forhold til grundleddet. Det hedder det samme i alle personer og tal. MEN I præsens (nutid) har de fleste engelske verber (udsagnsord) to former. Den særlige form bruges i 3. Person singularis (ental). I live in Denmark. We live in Denmark You live in Denmark You two live in Denmark He /she lives in Denmark They live in Denmark

A singular subject demands a singular verb; a plural subject demands a plural verb. That is the simple principle behind subject-verb agreement.

Singularis (Ental) eller pluralis (flertal)? Nogle gange må man se lidt ekstra godt efter for at bestemme hvilken form verbet skal have. Her kommer 3 regler, der er gode at huske: Ved There is/there are er det det efterfølgende egentlige grundled, der bestemmer om verballeddet skal stå i singularis eller pluralis. There is some ice cream in the freezer There is someone to see you There are some cans of beer in the fridge There are many visitors in the museum today

2. Ved udtryk som a lot of / lots of / plenty of ´ er det substantivet (navneordet), der følger efter, der bestemmer hvilket tal verballeddet skal stå i. A lot of time was wasted waiting in the airport A lot of books have to be read before the end of the year Lots of rivers are polluted There were plenty of people on the platform already

3. Når de relative pronomener (henførende stedord) who, which og that er subjekt (grundled) afgøres verballeddets (udsagnsleddets) tal af det ord, som pronomenet viser tilbage til. Here is a list of books which are all worth reading I have got something here which/that reminds me of your father

Some of the grain was ruined by the flood. Some of the students in the cafeteria have finished their lunch already. Some of the grain was ruined by the flood. “Students” is countable, but we cannot count “the grain”; it is one lump, one quantity.

Dansk og engelsk er i ca. 90% af tilfældene enige om, hvilke ord der ikke kan tælles, og som derfor ikke kan findes i pluralis (flertal). Det er fx ord som: mel, sukker, guld. Her er nogle regler, der skal huskes: Alle ord, der ender på –body, -one, og –thing er altid singularis/ental på engelsk Everybody is here today No one was absent Everything is lost

2. Ordene people, police og clothes er altid pluralis/flertal på engelsk People have generally grown taller since the Middle Ages The police know the place My clothes were stolen while I was out swimming

3. Ord, der på en måde består af to dele, fx en saks, en tang, en kikkert er altid pluralis/flertal på engelsk. The scissors are in the drawer. Where are the the pliers / the tongs? My binoculars are usually on my desk in my study. My trousers are brand new.

Ord som altid er singularis/ental på dansk, men som kan tælles på engelsk: DANSK ENGELSK Værktøj tools Legetøj toys Ukrudt weeds Der er meget ukrudt i min have. There are many weeds in my garden. Du skal samle alt legetøjet op. You have to pick up all the toys. Vil du være venlig at række mig de to stykker værktøj, der ligger ligger på bordet? Could you please hand me the two tools that are on the table?

Advice, bread, furniture, information, luck, money, news og progress Ord som altid er singularis/ental på engelsk, men som kan tælles på dansk: Advice, bread, furniture, information, luck, money, news og progress Most of the money was spent on wine and women The information you gave me was wrong The furniture was ugly There is no news The advice was valuable

Kollektiver Er ord som kan ses enten som en samlet enhed (og opfattes så som singularis/ental) eller som en samling individer ( og opfattes så som pluralis/flertal). Audience – committee – company – crew – enemy – family – firm – government – public – staff - team Enheden Individerne The Government has proposed a new law - The Government are debating the new laws His family comes from Scotland - His family are all clergymen The committee was set up to investigate the problem - The committee have decided to recommend …

Logisk flertal (= Distributivt pluralis) Der bruges pluralis/flertal i sætninger af denne type: He lost his life MEN They lost their lives (De havde hver et liv at miste) Andre eksempler: We’ve made up our minds The two brothers had different views Peter and John were lying on their backs The property changed hands The first and the second chapters are boring Translate lines 34 to 55.

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