Nervesystemets udvikling Udviklingsforstyrelser og plasticitet Carsten Reidies Bjarkam. Lektor, Læge, Ph.D. Neurobiologisk Afdeling Anatomisk Institut Aarhus Universitet

Vigtige pointer Mange hjernesygdomme og evner (eller mangel på samme) har en betydelig arvelig komponent Hjernens makroskopiske udvikling pågår gennem hele graviditeten + 25 år derefter Neural plasticitet pågår hele livet igennem Was introduced in 1992 by prof benabid and coworkers from france SDBS reduce not only R;A;and T and thus the cardinal symptoms of PD but also the need for levodopa ........Advanced PD..........

Lad os begynde med begyndelsen Nervesystemet er baseret på forældrenes gener! Arvelige sygdomme som Huntington, Dystoni, “Parkinson, demens”. Sygdomme med betydelig arvelig komponent (risikogener) skizofreni, bipolar sindssygdom, ADHD Arv vs Miljø Hardware vs Software Was introduced in 1992 by prof benabid and coworkers from france SDBS reduce not only R;A;and T and thus the cardinal symptoms of PD but also the need for levodopa ........Advanced PD..........

Nervesystemets overordnede udvikling Makroskopisk udvikling (neuralrørets foldninger og udposninger) Histologisk udvikling (celledannelse, differentiering og migration) Men glem ikke mikrokredsløbene! Was introduced in 1992 by prof benabid and coworkers from france SDBS reduce not only R;A;and T and thus the cardinal symptoms of PD but also the need for levodopa ........Advanced PD..........

Neuralrørets dannelse Manglende lukning af neuralrøret = neuralrørsdefekter Anencephali Spina bifida med menigo- & myelomeningocele Was introduced in 1992 by prof benabid and coworkers from france SDBS reduce not only R;A;and T and thus the cardinal symptoms of PD but also the need for levodopa ........Advanced PD..........

Udposninger og foldninger Was introduced in 1992 by prof benabid and coworkers from france SDBS reduce not only R;A;and T and thus the cardinal symptoms of PD but also the need for levodopa ........Advanced PD..........

Histologisk udvikling Rygmarv Perifere nerver Autonome ganglier Binyrebark Was introduced in 1992 by prof benabid and coworkers from france SDBS reduce not only R;A;and T and thus the cardinal symptoms of PD but also the need for levodopa ........Advanced PD..........

Histologisk udvikling Was introduced in 1992 by prof benabid and coworkers from france SDBS reduce not only R;A;and T and thus the cardinal symptoms of PD but also the need for levodopa ........Advanced PD.......... Hjernestamme Lillehjerne

Histologisk udvikling Storhjerne Bemærk især relationen mellem hjernebarken og de dybere liggende kerneansamlinger Was introduced in 1992 by prof benabid and coworkers from france SDBS reduce not only R;A;and T and thus the cardinal symptoms of PD but also the need for levodopa ........Advanced PD..........

Hjernevægte Ved fødsel 400 g 1 år 800 g 2 år 1000 g 6 år 1250 g Voksen 1350 g Was introduced in 1992 by prof benabid and coworkers from france SDBS reduce not only R;A;and T and thus the cardinal symptoms of PD but also the need for levodopa ........Advanced PD..........

Postnatale udviklingsforandringer Migration (cerebellum) Modning af udløbere Apoptose? Myelinering Synaptogenese Was introduced in 1992 by prof benabid and coworkers from france SDBS reduce not only R;A;and T and thus the cardinal symptoms of PD but also the need for levodopa ........Advanced PD..........

Myelinering pågår helt op til 25 års alderen Præfrontale cortex og andre associationsområder myelineres sidst Myelinering øger nerveledningshastighed Dvs 1 Mb, 2Mb, 100 Mb internetforbindelse

Synaptogenese pågår hele livet igennem Dog mest intenst i de tidlige år Er sammen med funktionelle synapseændringer ansvarlig for plasticiteten i CNS Was introduced in 1992 by prof benabid and coworkers from france SDBS reduce not only R;A;and T and thus the cardinal symptoms of PD but also the need for levodopa ........Advanced PD..........

Funktionelle synapseændringer Aktivitetsbetingede ændringer i synapsens effektivitet/styrke LTP = Long Term Potentiation LTD = Long Term Depression

LTP & LTD mekanismer Fysiologisk respons i hippocampus (CA1) Formidles via glutamat receptorer

Nervesystemets langstrakte udviklingshistorie gør det yderst følsom over for infektioner, misbrug og understimulation både før og efter fødslen! Was introduced in 1992 by prof benabid and coworkers from france SDBS reduce not only R;A;and T and thus the cardinal symptoms of PD but also the need for levodopa ........Advanced PD..........

Mulige udviklingsforstyrelser Autisme Skizofreni ADHD Was introduced in 1992 by prof benabid and coworkers from france SDBS reduce not only R;A;and T and thus the cardinal symptoms of PD but also the need for levodopa ........Advanced PD..........