Krav til funktionalitet i fremtidens flådestyringssystem Claus Grøn Sørensen Danmarks JordbrugsForskning Plantekongres 2006 Herning Kongrescenter

Definition på flådestyring Flådestyring er det praktiske værktøj til: at skabe overblik over produktionsprocesser, hvor der indgår mobile enheder at håndtere data og information til brug for: at planlægge organiseringen af ressourcer og operationer på rette sted og tid at dokumentere udførte operationer Agricultural fleet management can be seen as a farmers’ or machine contractors’ optimised decision making concerning e.g. resource allocation, scheduling, routing, real time monitoring of vehicles and materials and timely conducting field operations or customer orders Flådestyring er en måde til at samordne og oraginsere en flåde på en optimal måde, så udnyttelsesgraden og omkostningseffektiviteten øges

Flådestyring inden for transportbranche Agricultural fleet management can be seen as a farmers’ or machine contractors’ optimised decision making concerning e.g. resource allocation, scheduling, routing, real time monitoring of vehicles and materials and timely conducting field operations or customer orders Flådestyring er en måde til at samordne og oraginsere en flåde på en optimal måde, så udnyttelsesgraden og omkostningseffektiviteten øges Kilde: CAPPIT.dk

Krav til flådestyring online positionering af køretøjer forbedret håndtering af arbejdsordrer maskinovervågning->forebyggende vedligeholdelse forbedret fakturerings- og dokumentationssystem automatisk tidsregistrering forbedret planlægning af opgaver

Funktionaliteter i flådestyring Passiv overvågning GPS position tid opgave- instruktioner 2-vejs kommunikation Opgave Udvidet dataopsamling integration med elektroniske system på køretøj/redskab automatisk data- opsamling

Komponenter i flådestyring sensorsystem for kontinuerlig opsamling af statusinformation trådløs kommunikation med interne eller eksterne databaser grafisk interface til operatøren/driftsleder ressource optimering og beslutningsstøtte, herunder arbejdsinstruktioner og ruteplanlægning

Central flådestyring Positionering (lokalitet, tid) Enhed1 Enhed 2 Et antal uafhængigt opererende køretøjer GIS Database Overvågning, sporbarhed Ordre, kørselsinstruktioner Centralised fleet management involves an integrated system for agricultural fleet management. It will be a baseline system for planning, scheduling and documentation for mobile field units. An example is the coordination within the operational activities of machine contractors. Figure 3 gives a system overview displaying the necessary components. The technology components include some sort of PDA platform, wireless communication with internal or external databases, and a sensor system for continuous status information acquisition. The sensor system might comprise dedicated sensors or might comprise automatic data extraction from the on-board job computer. The software competences, which may be built into this system configuration, include route planning, analysis and decomposition of field operations, resource optimisation and decision support. Figure 4 shows the central system components centred around a central unit connected to a number of mobile units with its own graphical interface (GUI) to the operator. The benefits from using the centralised fleet managements system include: improved overview of the operational units improved management and control automatic documentation facility possibility of enhanced global planning Marked - PROGIS

Decentral flådestyring Enheder der behøver service Servicerende enheder Positionering (lokalitet, tid) Central enhed the decentralised fleet management is viewed as the future system for on-line coordination of mobile units cooperating on accomplishing a specific task within a field. An example is the coordination of combines and matching grain trailers. The combines are serviced (in terms of grain unloading) in a process of efficiency optimisation, minimisation of driving distances, soil compaction, number of transport units, etc. Decentralised fleet management involves an integrated system for agricultural fleet management invoking a system for agent coordination as part of a specialised coupled work flow in arable farming. It will be a baseline system for planning, scheduling, documentation, and on-line coordination of mobile field units operating in the field. An example is the coordination of the combine harvester and its adjacent transport units for grain As for the centralised fleet management, the technology components include some sort of PDA platform, wireless communication with internal or external databases, and a sensor system for continuous status information acquisition. The sensor system might comprise dedicated sensors or might comprise automatic data extraction from the on-board job computer. As opposed to the centralised system, the decentralised system focuses on the interconnection of mobile units as well as the connection with the centralised fleet manager.

Forventede fordele præcis positionering af maskinen tids- og kapacitetsregistreringer automatisk registrering af maskin- og operationsdata præcis og hurtig arbejdsinstruktioner nemmere og mere præcis fakturering accelererer driftsledelsesbeslutninger interfacer til eksisterende finansielle software eliminerer dyre fejl p.g.a. dårlig kommunikation

Barrierer for implementering af flådestyring manglende brugerinddragelse manglende klarhed over udbuddet hvem skal drive informationsflow manglende kompetence kun for nicheproduktioner manglende integration mellem systemer manglende demonstreret nytteværdi

Erfaringer fra transportbranche 30 % færre administrative omkostninger op til 80 % forbedret detektion af dårlig arbejdskvalitet 60 % mindre risiko for nedbrud p.g.a. forebyggende vedligeholdelse 20 % reducerede omkostninger p.g.a. bedre lager- og materialestyring Ref: SAP 2005. SAP AG. Providing collaborative business solutions for all types of industries and for every major market. Waldorf, Germany De første FMS koncentrerede sig om overvågning mens de næste generationer gåt over mod aktiv planlægning – altså stytingen i systemet

On-line ressource styring Perspektiver “Context awareness” Markmaskiner - Database GPS Job computer RFID Applikations software Web services Andre services Terminal Server Database Applikations logik Web services Andre services On-line ressource styring The new trend clearly dictates increased management sophistication in terms of turning the tools into planning tools (McLeod, 2005). It includes real-time asset management comprising looking at current fleet locations and where it should be tomorrow integrating how the fleet behaved today. By increasing the analytical power of such systems it will be possible to analyse, in real-time, the cost implications of accepting or rejecting specific dispatch orders. Specifically, an extensive use of real-time data and wireless communications are seen together with increased intelligence for real-time planning. Industry developers identify those parameters as drivers for their development

Konklusion en demonstreret og positiv nytteværdi en klar fleksibilitet m.h.t. specifikke anvendelse af systemet et simpelt interface, som ikke kræver langvarig introduktion og træning datalogning og datalagring er automatisk og kræver et minimum af menneskelig interaktion integrations muligheder i forhold til eksterne management værktøjer og programmer Fleet management has for many years been used as a central management tool within the transportation business and a number of commercial systems are available. The introduction of the technology into the agricultural domain might be question of choosing one of the existing commercial systems as a baseline system and then modify it to suit the agricultural conditions, In order to identify the necessary modifications in such an approach, there is need for testing existing systems in the agricultural domain. There is a great need for the introduction of standards (e.g. a “black box”), which will enable a smooth communication between software entities and systems for the benefits of data transfer. An example could be an interface, which enable implement computers (e.g. a sprayer computer) to cooperate with a fleet management system (e.g. ComLog) and the economy module (e.g. Navision). Flådestyring har i en årrække været anvendt inden for transportbranchen, hvor der findes en række kommercielle systemer. Det kan være et spørgsmål om at vælge det rette og så få et landbrugsmodul lagt på, der opfylder nogle specielle behov i planteavlen. Der er derfor behov for testning af eksisterende systemer samt muligheder for tilpasning.

Tak for opmærksomheden Fleet management has for many years been used as a central management tool within the transportation business and a number of commercial systems are available. The introduction of the technology into the agricultural domain might be question of choosing one of the existing commercial systems as a baseline system and then modify it to suit the agricultural conditions, In order to identify the necessary modifications in such an approach, there is need for testing existing systems in the agricultural domain. There is a great need for the introduction of standards (e.g. a “black box”), which will enable a smooth communication between software entities and systems for the benefits of data transfer. An example could be an interface, which enable implement computers (e.g. a sprayer computer) to cooperate with a fleet management system (e.g. ComLog) and the economy module (e.g. Navision). Flådestyring har i en årrække været anvendt inden for transportbranchen, hvor der findes en række kommercielle systemer. Det kan være et spørgsmål om at vælge det rette og så få et landbrugsmodul lagt på, der opfylder nogle specielle behov i planteavlen. Der er derfor behov for testning af eksisterende systemer samt muligheder for tilpasning.