3. time Her beskæftiger vi os med John F. Sowas forklaring af erfaringsviden. John F. Sowa

Sowas perceptionsmodel

Assembler (Sowa 1984, 34) In perception, the assembler generates a working model that matches incoming sensory icons. Previous expectations may raise the level of attention for certain percepts, but if those percepts do not match the input, the working model is refined with a better selection. As Fig. 2.2 shows, sensory icons come from external sources, and the working model is generated by internal processes.

Associativ comparator The associative comparator searches for available percepts that match all or part of an incoming sensory icon. Attention determines which parts of a sensory icon are matched first or which classes of percepts are searched.

Working model The assembler combines percepts from long-term memory under the guidance of schemata. The result is a working model that matches the sensory icons. Larger percepts assembled from smaller ones are added to the stock of percepts and become available for future matching by the associative comparator.

Motor mechanisms Motor mechanisms help the assembler to construct a working model, and they, in turn, are directed by a working model that represents the goal to be achieved.”

Model for perception af en kat

ModelforklaringModelforklaring ”The process of perception generates a structure u called a conceptual graph in response to some external entity or scene e: - The entity e gives rise to a sensory icon s. The associative comparator finds one or more percepts p 1,..., p n that match all or part of s. The assembler combines the percepts p 1,..., p n to form a working model that approximates s. If such a working model can be constructed, the entity e is said to be recognized by the percepts p 1,..., p n. For each percept p i in the working model, there is a concept c i called the interpretation of p i. The concepts c 1,'..., c n are linked by conceptual relations to form the conceptual graph u.” (Sowa 1984, 70)

Øvelse 2 hvilken information repræsenterer denne animation?

Information og data ifølge Lekanger 2000, 28 Data = informationers ”råstof” ”bruges som regel synonymt med information, men … Egentlig er data rå fakta og tal, som herefter behandles. Resultatet af behandlingen er informationer.”

Information og mening Alt der findes er en mulig (kilde til) information. (jf. Øvelse 3) En genstand i omverden med bestemte egenskaber eller relationer til andre genstande er en mulig informationskilde. Reflekterer genstanden fx lysstråler der modtages (sanses) og forarbejdes (processeres) af en modtager, så bliver genstanden til en informationskilde (sender) der overfører (transmitterer) information via signaler (her: lysstråler).

Information og mening, data og struktur Ikke alle informationer er meningsbærende. (jf. Øvelse 3) En mulig information bliver meningsbærende hvis denne indgår i en helhed der uddyber og præciserer den oprindelige information ved tilførsel af yderligere informationer. (jf. Lekanger 2000, 50) En helhed er en sammenhæng af dele eller elementer. Sammenhængen kaldes også struktur. Meningsbærende informationer er datastrukturer.

Øvelse 3.1: data, meningsbærende information Kik på billedet og prøv at finde ud af hvad det er du ser

Øvelse 3.2: data, meningsbærende information Kik på billedet og prøv at finde ud af hvad det er du ser

Øvelse 3.3: data, meningsbærende information Kik på billedet og prøv at finde ud af hvad det er du ser