Indsæt nyt billede: Format: B 254 x 190,5 mm Efter indsættelse, højreklik på billedet og placér det bagerst. Delete det gamle foto Implementation of the sewage sludge Directive in Denmark and other countries Linda Bagge, the Danish Environmental Agency

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 2 Directive 86/278/EEC – the so-called Sewage Sludge Directive The purpose •regulate the use of sewage sludge in agriculture •regulate its use in such a way to prevent harmful effects on soil, vegetation, animal and man •the use of sewage sludge must not impair the quality of the soil and of agricultural products

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 3 Directive 86/278/EEC – the so-called Sewage Sludge Directive (continued) Regulations on the agricultural use of sludge: • types of sludge covered •Mandatory or preferred treatment methods •Limit values for heavy metal concentrations, pathogens and organic compounds •Maximum allowed quantities of sludge or specific elements (e.g. total phosphorus) to be applied annually •Surfaces on which the use of sludge is prohibited •Sludge and soil analysis and their frequency

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 4 Legislation The Sewage Sludge Directive - inplemented into national legislation - possible to have more stringent requirements Additionally priovisions under the fertiliser law

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 5 National targets for the use of sewage sludge Denmark (targets 2010)• 50% for agricultural purposes • 25% incineration (reuse of ash) • 20% incineration • 5% landfill •New targets for phosphorus in DK Sweden• By % of the phosphorus in wastewater shall be restored to productive soil/half to arable land

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 6 Sludge disposal Danish Sludge Disposal in Percentage. Agriculture Incineration Landfill Mineralisation Other 2002 ¨ < /1270 % Agricultural purposes - Unofficial statistic from Danish org. for organic waste (BGORJ). Swedish Sludge Disposal in Percentage Agricul. Soil Storage LandfillOther Ref: Naturvårdsverket, Aktions för Återföring av fosfor ur avlopp, 2002

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 7 Sludge disposal Germany Sludge Disposal in Percentage. Agriculture Incineration Landscaping Other Norvigian Sludge Disposal in Percentage % Agricultural purposes. Ref: Arne Haar, Conference March 2011

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 8 The ”regulatory” system in DK Producer Treatment facility End user Analysis Contract Analysis Declaration Contract ProducerEnd User Municipality Recieves a copy of the declaration and contract 8 days before delivery Analysis Declaration Contract

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 9 Hygienic requirements for application

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 10 Limit values for heavy metals Denmark mg/kg DMSweden g/ha/year Norway mg/kg DM (4 quality classes) Cd0,8 (100)0,750,40,825 Hg0,8 (200)1,50,20,635 Pb120 (10.000) Ni30 (2.500) Cr Zn Cu

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 11 Limit values for organic substances Denmark mg/kg DM Sweden mg/kg DM LAS1.300 PAH33* NPE1050* DEHP50 PCB0,4* Toluen5*

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 12 Limits values for pathogens DenmarkNorway Salmonella 00 E.Coli < 100 CFU/g WW Enterokokker < 100 CFU/g WW Parasite eggs (infective) 0 TKB < 2500 g/TS

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 13 Criteria for soil quality Denmark mg/kg DM Sweden mg/kg DM Norway mg/kg DM Cd0,50,41 Hg0,50,31 Pb40 50 Ni1530 Cr Zn Cu40 50

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 14 Dosage limits for P and N DenmarkSweden P30 kg/he/year 90 kg/he/3 year 35 kg/he/year (P-class in soil I-II) 245 kg/he/7 year (I-II) 22 kg/he/year (P-class in soil III-V) 154 kg/he/year (III-V) N170 kg/he/year150 kg/he/year

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 15 Approach of setting limit values • No risk to environment and health • Danish soil contains low heavy metal concentrations • Denmark takes great concern in protection of the ground water • Danish limit values are based on the principle that heavy metals and organic pollutants should not accumulate in the soil or effect the environment negative • Predicted No Effect Concentration

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 16 Approach of setting limit values (continued) Assessment of Contaminants in Sewage Sludge 1995/96: • 120 substances/groups of substances and heavy metals were assessed • 4 substances were selected (LAS, PAH, NPE, DEHP) for further examination • Threshold values were developed for these 4 substances and implemented in the Danish Statutory Order on Waste for Agricultural purposes in 1997 (later the threshold values were changed into limit values) The conclusion: • No risk in using sewage sludge for agricultural purposes if the limit values were met

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 17 Approach of setting limit values (continued) Since 2000 increased number of studies on pollutants in sludge - But data is generally sparse - Norwegian Risk Assessment of Contaminants in Sewage Sludge applied on Norwegian Soil Danish Risk evaluation of five groups of persistent organic contaminants in sewage sludge, 2012 Focus on new substances like nitro-musks, PFOS and pharmaceutricals So far the general conclusions have been that the risks are insignificant in sludge amended soils

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 18 Approach of setting limit values (continued) Risk reduction includes not only strict limit values: - Treatment - Limits to application - Identification and assessment of new substances - Source tracking of substances - Monitoring programmes - Phase-out of substances - Source separation of waste wasters - Quality standards

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punktopstilling på teksten (flere niveauer findes), brug >Forøg listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug >Formindsk listeniveau- knappen i Topmenuen SIDE 19 Innovation partnership for use of phosphorus from wastewater and sewage sludge Main activities: •Development of technology, including identification of need for further development of existing technologies and of new technologies • Market development, including assessing the market potential for existing direct phosphorus recycling and for alternative technologies. Identify barriers and promote the conditions for development of the market • Development of regulation, including feasibility study of setting goals for an increased recycling of phosphorus ressources from wastewater and sewage sludge. Identify regulatory barriers