Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 1 DTU Branddag 04/2011 By Head of Dept. Master in Fire Safety Finn B. Steffensen Safety

I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 2 Knowledgeable User Round-robin study of fire modelling Dalmarnock Fire Tests [Uni. of Edinb. et al.] A posteriori modelling (8xFDS+2xCFAST) Common test description HRR of initial fire was provided Pre-flashover well-ventilated round-robin studies [ Rein et al. (2009), Fire Safety Journal 44, pp ] +500%T exp -30%T exp

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 3 Forretningsstrategi Round-NIRAS mean 2*Sd Sol 1 Sol 2 Sol 3 $ F ‘Tilfældigt’ Overvejet Vel-overvejet

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 4 Cost-benefit Problemer generelt $ F Omkostning til analyse Besparelse ved yderligere analyse Optimum

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 5 Cost-benefit Brand analyser $ F Omkostning til yderligere analyse Besparelse ved yderligere analyse Optimum

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 6 Funktionsbaserede brandkrav Evaluering EBST Arkitekter Brandrådgiver Andre 

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 7 Areal = 2100 m 2 Etagehøjde = 3,2 m Personlast 400 per Brandinstallation (Anv. 1/3): Automatisk sprinkleranlæg Automatisk varslingsanlæg 7 Comparative Evaluation of Prescriptive, Performance based and Risk based Fire Safety in an Office Building Maria Boe Hede, Master Thesis, March 2011 Comparative = deemed to succeed

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 8 8 Brandteknisk dimensionering Information om brandteknisk dimensionering

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 9 9 Sprinklersystem virker ikke Brandteknisk dimensionering resultat

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 10 Designværdier Sandsynlig værst (samtidig) Personbelastning (max) Personfordeling (værst) Brandplacering (værst) Brandtype (soot-yield) (sandsynlig værst) Brandtilvækst (forventet værst) Brandstørrelse (forventet værst) Detection and warning Reaction and decision Travelling time, flugtvejsdefinition (trapper) og flugtvejspræferencer (30/70) No first aid intervention Virkemåde af brandtekniske foranstaltninger (control mode sprinkler (!!?), afstand fra brand til detektor og/eller sprinkler osv.) Svigt af brandteknisk foranstaltning ESL/FSL > 1, 1,3, 2,0 !!!!?

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 11 Risikoanalyser

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 12 Reaction and decision time 12

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 13 Risikoanalyse Resultat ( simuleringer)

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 14 Commissioning, Operation and Management Operation: Design compliance should be ensured throughout the building lifetime − System mean life time, L: − Regular verification of FP-SOM by testing [Klote (2002)] - Other: 1E-5/hr [Klote (2002)] - Fan: 1E-6/hr L=23 months L=9 months

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 15 High rack storage 400 mio EUR Storage New storage

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 16 Danish Furs QRA-analysis – Traditional Fire Strategy ∑ loss/year = 3 mio. EUR

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 17 Danish Furs QRA-analysis – Alternative Fire Strategy ∑ loss/year = 1 mio. EUR

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 18 Design fire uncertainty – e.g. car fire DK: Same building owner may be met with different design fires Premovement time Fixed: ~30 s => ~300 s Distribution of : Methodology of Use [ Okamoto et al. (2009), Fire Safety Journal 44, pp ] N pers /N total t rd Office 1.0 Shopping [EN ]: =4,000 kW DK: Great variation within group of FSEs and within group of AHJs

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 19 Mathematical Model Fire modelling in PB design A priori modelling Leads to unclear risk levels PBFC system must control math. assumptions 45 kg/s 75 kg/s 60 kg/s - 4. diff. math. models - Identical design fire

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 20 Methodology of Use Vena contracta No VC Vena contracta No VC Buoyancy-driven vent modelling

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 21 Capacity of spiral stairs AROS Museum of Modern Art, Aarhus (DK) Hand rail in 1/3 point to improve capacity Full-Scale Testing and Verification [ Olafur Eliasson ] Improved Existing Handrail

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 22 Full-Scale Testing and Verification StaircaseFlow [pers/10 s] No handrail16 Handrail24 Improved Existing Full-scale test 3 rep. tests with 200 pers. in each staircase Findings LaneOuterCentreInner Speed [m/s] Up 50% Compares to 0.7 m/s

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 23 Fire Protection and Safety: the next 25 years Demographics and Urban Growth Patterns 1. Densification in population 2. Changes in transportation modes 3. Growing aged and disabled population 4. Declining work force 5. Changing cultural impacts on fire safety and fire safety education 6. Increased population living alone 7. Focus on renovation/repair/reuse/maintenance Materials and Technology 8. Smart building materials 9. Changes in hazards of building contents – materials and configurations 10. Increased power demands 11. New fire fighting technologies – sensors, robotics, information and decision making technologies Environment, Energy, Sustainability 12. Frequency of natural disasters – fires and floods 13. Green building design 14. Aging fire safety and electrical systems 15. Alternative fuels and energy sources 16. Declining water resources in populated areas 17. Hazardous materials regulation impact on fire protection materials

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 24 Future work Udfordringer: Nybyg 130 mia kr Ombyg 70 mia kr. Acceptkriterier Risikoacceptkurver Forsikringsselskaber Designbrande Materialer High rise Buildings

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 25 Eksamensprojekter Evakueringsforsøg med grise !!!?? Brandsikring af aerosoloplag Udvendig brandspredning, med facadebeklædning af EPS mmm

Safety I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 26 End of Presentation THANK YOU! [NRCC/MTQ: Full-scale fire test, Ville-Marie Tunnel, Montreal (CA)]