Overskrift her Navn på oplægsholder Navn på KU- enhed For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Dias 1 Employment Relations Research Centre New challenges for public service social dialogue – the case of Denmark (national report) Nana Wesley Hansen & Mikkel Mailand FAOS – Employment Relations Research Center Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen End Project Conference, Brussels, January 30, 2015 Project funded by European Commission DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion / VS/2013/0362

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Dias 2 Employment Relations Research Centre Introduction Schools 1.Development in user involvement 2.Actors, levels and types of involvement 3.Consequences for and relation to social dialogue 4.Case study Hospitals 1.Development in user involvement 2.Actors, levels and types of involvement 3.Consequences for and relation to social dialogue 4.Case study Comparison and conclusions

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Dias 3 Employment Relations Research Centre Schools The focus The Danish Folkeskole (1814): Primary and lower secondary education 2013: public schools and 548 private schools Recent development in user involvement: Folkeskole reform (collective bargaining conflict) 2013 Strained social dialogue Strengthened user role: school-community connection rather than free choice! Strengthened management focus! (Reform initiative: Yearly student satisfactory survey from 2014)

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Dias 4 Employment Relations Research Centre Schools Parents National/regional: 1934 school councils/ 1935 The National Association of School Parents’ formed Regional/municipal: Ad hoc integration School: 1989 school boards introduced through legislation Class: Parent-teacher meetings Pupils National: 1969 first national organization formed, 2004 Danish Association of Pupils (DSE), 2014: Direct satisfaction survey Regional/municipal: Ad hoc integration School: Represented in school boards and student councils, Class: Students involved on day-to-day basis Other actors Industrial associations, local cultural and sports clubs

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Dias 5 Employment Relations Research Centre Schools Consequences for and relations to social dialogue More groups are consulted and participates in defining school at national and municipal political level – strengthening of user groups Wish to strengthen user involvement at school level (indirect/direct) No actual pressure, two parallel legitimate systems

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Dias 6 Employment Relations Research Centre Case – Vejle Municipality and Central City School ‘The School in Motion’ - a radical innovative bottom up process in order to develop the school including all kinds of users - consultation Concurrently, cut backs in the school sector in the municipality including loss of teaching positions Isolation of local branch of The Danish Union of Teachers - strained social dialogue! Steering group continues into the reform implementation local trade union regains strength, funds following

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Dias 7 Employment Relations Research Centre Case – Vejle Municipality and Central City School Vejle Central City School very active in ‘The School in Motion’ - a project Bringing the school into the local community and the local community into the school Strong partnership between school leader/shop steward Example of how the reform has direct influence at School board – chairman from local community (not parent) Local shop steward very pro user involvement – no threat to social dialogue but necessary for the school Social context of school important: Large city school, lowest grade average in municipality, pupils with other ethnicity and mother tongue, students who drop out elsewhere

Hospitals The development of user involvement in hospitals In-/direct user involvement always existed; increased a lot last 3-5 years Drivers: demographic pressure, technology, learning, new org., demands Who are involved – and who are most active * Ministry of Health * The five regions and their interest org. Danish Regions (social partner) * Local Government Denmark The hospitals: 53 public and approx. 35 (smaller)private * Users + user organisations: Danish Patients and member org (18 org.) * Trade unions: most importantly three for doctors and one for nurses The general practitioners Who are the users Patients first, relatives second

Hospitals Indirect (organisational) user involvement Sector level: No permanent body, but hearings and ad hoc partnership Regional level: All regions now obliged to have a Health User Council Hospital/depart. level: Councils at some hospitals – include not only users Great variation in aim, scope and quality of councils – learning by doing Direct user involvement - examples Daily rounds with patients: A traditional weak form of involvement The involving talk (den indvolverende stuegang) Informed approval (det informerede samtykke) Shared decision-making (fælles beslutningstagning) User guided contact (brugerstyret kontakt) National survey of the experiences of patients (LUP)

Hospitals Consequences for and relations to social dialogue Social dialogue and user involvement take place in different fora Happens only occasionally that the user involvement actors and social partners takes parts in the same decision making processes (employers?) No signs that the growing user involvement will replace social dialogue User involvement potentially an agenda for greater SP influence, but trade unions hesitate (to varying degree) to fully engage with the agenda. However, trade unions interest and engagement is increasing

Case hospital – user panel, oncology depart., Herlev hospital About the case and case-selection Positive description, users + user organisation involved (no trade union) Set-up in 2010 (one of two pilots); 9-12 users, 1 cancer ngo, 2 staff reps Training (initially) and recruitment in the hands of the ngo Staff rep (Head nurse and co-leader of department) chair of user panel Activities of the user panel 5 – 6 annual meetings 1 – 1 ½ hours focused on ‘tasks’ given by chair – nearly all tasks connected to LUP Tasks not directly about treatment: waiting-room; communication; being a relative; lifestyle; design of interior; etc. The users (excluding ngo rep) holds pre-meetings to prepare tasks and to have their own space for discussions

Case hospital – user panel, oncology depart., Herlev hospital Scope, impact ad evaluation No plans to increase scope of agenda to include treatment of patients Relatively narrow agenda, but real influence Decision-making processes evaluated positively Somewhere between consultation and partnership, leaning towards former Chair and ngo have different perceptions of role of panel and labels Role of trade unions and relations to employee involvement body No interests from trade unions User involvement not addressed in Cooperation Council (one exception) Interviewees do not find TUs interested in user involvement generally No impact on working conditions; loose plans to involve users in recruit. The user council and the rest of the hospital Different forms used, steering panel from 2014, UI in ‘New HH’

Conclusions The findings – across sectors Two quite different stories: show the importance of sectors/policy areas User involvement not new, but has increased recently in both sectors Most (indirect?) user involvement situated somewhere in our continuum between consultation and partnership, leaning towards the former So far the impact on user involvement on social dialogue and vise-versa is limited The findings – sector variation Most forms of user involvement are only a few years old in the hospitals - most forms of user involvement has a long history in the schools Trade unions in the school sector are clearly more involved in user involvement than in the hospital sector, although they too have they limits More ‘multipartite’ fora found in the school sector than in the hospitals

Conclusions Hypotheses: Why do user involvement and social dialogue not mix Social dialogue, despite weaknesses, still strong and institutionalised. Actors have monopoly on representation on wages and working condition etc. and have no interests or incentives to give up on these Hence, user involvement have to add to rather than replace social dialogue Why TU in hospitals do not enter UI agenda more: Fear of loosing monopoly, fear of work pressure, do not feel they represent users Hypotheses: explaining sector variation (+ supported hypothesis, - not supp.) The Folkeskole embedded in participatory democratization project > The Folkeskole a participatory democracy incl. user involvement. Hospitals not part of such a project and hierarchical service provider-user relations + History and power of user organisations – Power-relations between trade unions and user organisations -