For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Overskrift her Navn på oplægsholder Navn på KU- enhed “The technological production of motivation through self-monitoring devices” - ISCAR 2014, Sydney Lasse Meinert Jensen Postdoc, PhD SUBSTANce – Subjects and Standards Department of Psychology University of Copenhagen Slide 1

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Outline of this presentation What is it that self-trackers do? -Minvej as an example of ”self-tracking” Self-tracking as cultural practice and ”motive” What does self-tracking DO for the user? -What kind of ”self-knowledge” does Minvej provide the user with? -But what about the personal experience of tracking? Background: Study of ”Standards” – here: standardized self-monitoring tools and practices ”Surveillance assemblages” and ”personal arrangements” Societal arrangements and personal conducts Slide 2

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod The ”Minvej” (”my path”) self-monitoring app A self-monitoring intervention project for mental health users in the municipality of Copenhagen, Denmark Slide 3

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Crisis plan Tracking 4

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Minvej app 5

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod 6

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod ”Seeing how I’m doing” Anna: ” I measure a sick amount of things. For me, the app is an addition to my therapy. With it I can see what situations that trigger me, and I can remind myself of what to do. I like to be able to see how things are going for me. I take a step back and take a look at how things are going”. Me: “Is it something you had to get used to?” Anna: “It comes gradually, the ‘How-is-it-going’ part works really good for me, maybe too good. I share the data with myself, as pictures or graphs. I put in ‘sleep’ and ‘eating’ to start with and still monitor this, but otherwise I track on what seem to work in my daily life. It could for instance be interesting to monitor how my relationship is going. But I delete variables when they don’t make sense any more”. Me: “How about the ‘journal’-function?” Anna: “It didn’t really work for me. I write in the ‘Personal nourishment’ part instead. I’m more natural-science inclined, I like to have a good overview of things. With it [the journal] it isn’t the same that I’m measuring then, and it’s important to me to be able to compare things”. Slide 7

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod What does the Minvej self-tracking enable its users to do? Visualization / ”the shift from haptic to visual” (Lupton, 2013) ”Capturing data flows” (Ruckenstein, 2014), engaging with ”data doubles” (Haggerty & Ericson, 2000) Comparison – with others and with self and Reconfigure connections, order activities, experiment with changes ”Self-technologies” of self-transformation and affecting capacities ”Soft resistance” (Nafus & Sherman, 2014) Slide 8

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Using the app the ”right” way: Variations in use of self-tracking technology Group meeting at a Copenhagen youth center, May 2014: Psychologist T is talking about the theme of the day, “shame” and “problem behaviors”. Laura volunteers to tell how she dealt with last week’s home assignment, of registering emotions of shame: Laura: I made a measurement scale on “felt shameful” in “How are you”. It helped a lot. Marie (psychologist): How? How did you do it? Laura: I just tracked it. You know, from 1 to 10 each day, measuring how much it [shame] was there, so high numbers means it wasn’t there, and low numbers that it was very much present. Kristina (follows up): It’s easier with the graph where all the high numbers are good, it’s easier to read. Marie: Did everybody do it like this? Mikkel: Of course! (laughs) Klara: No, I didn’t – I turned it around, I think 10 seems like it was there all the time. Slide 9

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod ”Using the app the right way”, cont. Martin: But with 10 I can see that things are going up, that things are going well. Kristina (to Klara): Then I would have to look at the axis to see what the number mean, it’s much easier to have high numbers equal good stuff. Martin: Perhaps it good if it’s like that, that it’s much more straightforward After the meeting, Anna tells me that the scale doesn’t include “zero”; that it only goes from She says “That’s a problem, because what if the feeling haven’t been there at all?” The system can’t be changed now, she says, since in all previous trackings the lowest number is “1”. Plus, she points out, it’s a problem that the iPhone slider can’t be “reset”. Slide 10

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Self-tracking as cultural ”motif” Smartphone owership Denmark: 73% owns a smartphone -90% for persons yrs % for yrs US: 58 % of adults owns a smartphone -83% of 18-29yrs ”Quantified Self”-movement e-Health: 35% of U.S. adults report having gone online for health questions; -41% got diagnosis confirmed at doctor; -35% did not consult clinician with self-diagnosis (PewResearch Internet Project, Fox & Duggan, 2013) Slide 11

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Surveillance assemblages and personal arrangements Modern health regulation as ”assemblages” of bodies and technologies, affording specific relations and capacities (Haggerty & Ericson, 2000). Data for managing of populations turned into data for managing the self (Cheney-Lippold, 2011) Promotions of specific forms of data (based on Recovery perspective, mHealth, ACT therapy, etc.) informs self-tracking standards -As well as specific ideas of self-regulation, self-care and self- governance (Fox, 2008; Rose, 1996) Slide 12

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod But: What does self-tracking do for persons? What are the reasons for tracking? How and why are people tracking? Slide 13

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Cultivation of tracking and motivation Me: “So it’s both meeting somebody who’s been there, and then in relation to the app, I guess there’s training and introduction in how to use it and how to relate it to mental health? Carl: “I’d rather say that what’s important is that it provides hope, because people are willing to do all sorts of things, go through fire or fight lions, if that would help them to get better. So the motivation is there, but it just needs to be released. I think that’s very important. I was visiting the new bipolar group and showed them this app [that he used before the “Minvej”-app], and gave them the advice that they should drop the bulk of the measuring [in the app], just track sleep and mood, perhaps also wellbeing, and just start with that. And then as you go along add more, so that you don’t get people put off from the start by having them track hundreds of things every day, they shouldn’t do that… Slide 14

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod …continued: Me: Okay Carl: In this American app tracking variables can be checked on and off, so you can mold it into something more manageable. But that does take some work. And that work also uncovers some things for people, as [two of the Minvej project psychologists] say, tracking alone start to change things. There might be a bit of a placebo thing here. When I can see that things for instance are going okay, that might just help keeping things stable for a while. And placebo may be the best medicine that we can get here, so I’ve urged my psychiatrist not to tell me that ‘this can’t possibly work’ or help in any way – she shouldn’t say that, ‘cause if I feel that it works for me, then something is working! I’m totally aware that this might just be placebo, or that it is just works that way for me, but I don’t want to be told that this has no effect or no function. Slide 15

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Self-tracking as seen from the user’s perspective Tracking as self-technology: Change in self-relation, in areas of attention Self-reflection as activity, partial and limited: From ”meta- cognitive planning” to ”situated activity” (Suchman, 2008) Situated activity in the individual’s conduct of everyday life: Self-understanding as ongoing understanding of societal conditions for conduct (Dreier, 2008) Self-understanding as ”social self-understanding”: Shared concerns and interests; life lived with others (Holzkamp, 2012) Slide 16

Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Conclusions and further perspectives Standardized self-tracking devices frame individual self- relations in specific ways, but does not determine them Self-tracking data can serve other purposes than just ”self- knowledge” ”Self-development” through tracking as opportunities for coming to new understandings of one’s conduct, as well as one’s social circumstances Slide 17