The Northern Sea Route - legal perspectives oProfessor Erik Røsæg oNordisk institutt for sjørett ofolk.uio.no/erikro

Statoil – Rosneft agreement 2

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Zones oPort oInernal waters oTerritorial waters oEEZ --- oContinental shelf 4

Article 21 Laws and regulations of the coastal State relating to innocent passage 1. The coastal State may adopt laws and regulations, in conformity with the provisions of this Convention and other rules of international law, relating to innocent passage through the territorial sea, in respect of all or any of the following: (a) the safety of navigation and the regulation of maritime traffic; (b) the protection of navigational aids and facilities and other facilities or installations; (c) the protection of cables and pipelines; (d) the conservation of the living resources of the sea; (e) the prevention of infringement of the fisheries laws and regulations of the coastal State; (f) the preservation of the environment of the coastal State and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution thereof; (g) marine scientific research and hydrographic surveys; (h) the prevention of infringement of the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of the coastal State. 2. Such laws and regulations shall not apply to the design, construction, manning or equipment of foreign ships unless they are giving effect to generally accepted international rules or standards. 3. The coastal State shall give due publicity to all such laws and regulations. 4. Foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea shall comply with all such laws and regulations and all generally accepted international regulations relating to the prevention of collisions at sea. 5

Article56 Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal State in the exclusive economic zone 1. In the exclusive economic zone, the coastal State has: (a) sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or non-living, of the waters superjacent to the seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil, and with regard to other activities for the economic exploitation and exploration of the zone, such as the production of energy from the water, currents and winds; (b) jurisdiction as provided for in the relevant provisions of this Convention with regard to: (i) the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations and structures; (ii) marine scientific research; (iii) the protection and preservation of the marine environment; (c) other rights and duties provided for in this Convention. 2. In exercising its rights and performing its duties under this Convention in the exclusive economic zone, the coastal State shall have due regard to the rights and duties of other States and shall act in a manner compatible with the provisions of this Convention. 3. The rights set out in this article with respect to the seabed and subsoil shall be exercised in accordance with Part VI. 6

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Article 234 Ice-covered areas Coastal States have the right to adopt and enforce non-discriminatory laws and regulations for the prevention, reduction and control of marine pollution from vessels in ice-covered areas within the limits of the exclusive economic zone, where particularly severe climatic conditions and the presence of ice covering such areas for most of the year create obstructions or exceptional hazards to navigation, and pollution of the marine environment could cause major harm to or irreversible disturbance of the ecological balance. Such laws and regulations shall have due regard to navigation and the protection and preservation of the marine environment based on the best available scientific evidence. 9

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Lov om offentlig tilsyn med overvintringstogt til de arktiske egne ( nr. 1) § 1. Togt, som utrustes fra norsk havn for at drive fangst i de arktiske egne, skal være undergit tilsyn efter denne lov, naar hensigten opgives eller skjønnes at være, at nogen av dem, som er med paa togtet, skal overvintre. Kongen eller den, han bemyndiger, 1 kan bestemme, at tilsynet ogsaa skal gjælde togt, som sker under saadanne forhold, at overvintring kan bli nødvendig, selv om overvintring ikke er hensigten. 1Sjøfartsdirektoratet iflg. res. 5 april § 2. Togtet skal være forsvarlig utrustet med det, som trænges, saasom levnetsmidler, beklædning, boligmateriel, brændsel, lægemidler, skytevaaben, ammunition og redskaper, alt beregnet for mindst to aar. Der bør føres med baat- og sledemateriel, telt, kokestel og soveposer til bruk ved længere turer fra fartøi eller station. I særlige tilfælde, saasom naar togtet gjælder mindre farefulde egne, kan tilsynet lempe paa kravene til utrustningen. 1 Tilsynet kan ogsaa tillate, at utrustningen blir beregnet for kortere tid end to aar. Spirituosa maa ikke føres med undtagen til medicinsk bruk. 2 Om anvendelsen av bestemmelserne i denne paragraf kan Kongen eller den, han bemyndiger, 3 gi nærmere forskrifter. 1Jfr. § 8. 2Se § 15 tredje ledd. 3Sjøfartsdirektoratet iflg. res. 5 april

Phase I oGUIDELINES FOR SHIPS OPERATING IN ARCTIC ICE- COVERED WATERS, 2002 oMSC/Circ.1056 oMEPC/Circ

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Phase II oGUIDELINES FOR SHIPS OPERATING IN POLAR WATERS, 2009 oA 26/Res

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Phase III oMandatory code 2016? oDE 56-WP.4 oCorrespondence Group web site (NMD)Correspondence Group web site (NMD) oKey documents oCanada DE 53/18/2 oNorge MEPC 60/21/1 oIALA MSC 87/INF.15 oSTCW DE 54/13 oNorge/DNV DE 54/INF.5 oIACS DE 55/12/11 18

Draft Polar Code 1Polar Water Operational Manual 2Structural integrity 3Stability … 4Watertight … integrity 5Machinery 5 bisAnchoring … 6Habitability … 7Fire safety/protectio n 8Life-saving appliances… 9Navigation 10Communications 11Alternative design 12Operational requirements 13Crewing … 14Emergency control 15Environmental protection 19

Consultation issues o Accidental damage o HFO o Discharge o Leakage o Garbage, sewage and grey water o Soot o Incineration o Anti-fouling o Ballast water discharge o Containers o Underwater noise o Speed limitations 20

Sundry agreements oArctic Search and Rescue Agreement oSTCW/CONF.2/DC/4 oBilateral agreements 21