Projektudviklerens indflydelse i VVM Den formelle proces og den uformelle proces Niels-Erik Clausen, Julia Kirkegaard, David Rudolph and Tom Cronin DTU.

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1 Projektudviklerens indflydelse i VVM Den formelle proces og den uformelle proces Niels-Erik Clausen, Julia Kirkegaard, David Rudolph and Tom Cronin DTU Vindenergi

2 2 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 DTU Vindenergi DTU Wind Energy 235 staff members Including 150 academic staff members and 40 PhD students MSc (Mech. Eng.), PhD (Mech. Eng.) 15 years in private energy companies 16 years research, consultancy & teaching wind energy Risø National Laboratory and now DTU Wind Energy

3 3 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Agenda Wind2050 projekt Metode og data Foreløbige resultater Reflektioner

4 4 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 DTU Wind Energy’s main locations Høvsøre Test Station Østerild Test Centre DTU Risø Campus DTU Lyngby Campus

5 5 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Baggrund for Wind 2050 Danmark skal være uafhængig af fossile brændsler 2050 Landbaseret vindenergi skal spille en betydelig rolle i denne omstilling (IEA Nordic ETP 2016* forudser i deres carbon neutrale scenarie en 5-dobling af vindenergi i.f.h.t 2013 med 2/3 på land) Vi ser i store dele af Europa et stigende antal lokale konflikter ved etablering af vindmølleparker * https://www.iea.org/etp/nordic/

6 6 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Wind2050 projektet kort Projektet søger at forstå dynamikken i de lokale konflikter der forsinker, fordyrer eller forhindrer nye projekter Fokus er på land og kystnære projekter i Danmark men vi ser også på offshore projekter som sammenligning Vi sammenligner med erfaringer med projektudvikling i UK og Irland Både institutionelle og regulative aspekter indgår såvel som privat projektudvikling Projektet anvender en interaktiv metode, der involverer forskere inden for jura, samfundsvidenskab, økonomi og teknisk videnskab Vi samarbejder med alle interessenter: politikere, industrien, projektudviklere, myndigheder, kommuner, borgere og NGO’er Resultaterne er et sæt anbefalinger til både offentlige og private aktører såvel som videnskabelige publikationer. Projektet er finansielt støttet af Det Strategiske Forskningsråd (Innovationsfonden)

7 7 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Wind2050 partnere og tidsplan DTU Management Engineering (koordinator) DTU Vindenergi Københavns Universitet Aalborg Universitet KORA CONSITO Vindmølleindustrien Queens University, Belfast IPS Group lreland University College London Projektperiode: 1 januar 2014 til 1 juli 2017

8 8 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Associerede partnere Danmarks Vindmølleforening Kommunernes Landsforening Naturstyrelsen Energistyrelsen Energinet.dk Siemens Wind power 6 kommuner Projektudviklere EDF Energie Nouvelle, Portugal

9 9 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Wind2050 struktur Scenario analysis and recommendations Dissemination Acceptance preferences and cost efficiency Private project Developer role Legal issues Mapping and analysing

10 10 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 WP3 Local acceptance and private project development practices Objectives 1.To identify and analyse wind farm project development and operation practices and their influence on local acceptance. 2.To compare with good practice for development of large infrastructure projects including offshore wind farms 3.Analysis of risk management practices of project developers with regards to environmental risks and community involvement 4.To identify new or adjusted project development practices with the aim of reducing conflicts and increasing local acceptance WP research question: Which impact does the project development methodology have on whether a wind farm project is perceived as sustainable (economically, environmentally and socially)

11 11 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Wind 2050 approach Analysis of project planning procedure and technical development steps Development of interview guide Interviews with developers in DK (Vattenfall + smaller developers) Interviews with politicians and planners in 21 Danish Municipalities in cooperation with VidenOmVind Comparison with experiences from large infrastructure projects (e.g. local acceptance depending on the ratio between perceived benefits and perceived environmental costs) (NCC, MTH, Metroselskabet) National differences between Denmark, Ireland and UK Stakeholder interviews, e.g. Eurowind PlanEnergi WPD Hofor DONG Hvide Sande Service Group Mariagerfjord Kommune EDF EN Portugal Ringkøbing-Skjern Kommune Varde Kommune Wind People Aalborg Kommune Vesthimmerland Kommune Lemvig Landboforening Jysk Vindenergi AAU/professor Vindmølleforeningen SE Blue Renewables Vattenfall Wind Turbine Task Force European Energy

12 12 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Preliminary results Why do people object to wind farms? Health & environmental impacts Perceived distribution of costs and benefits Fairness of decision making (process, lack of trust)

13 13 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Preliminary findings….2 The fierce competition for land The role of landowners in a local society and the perceived unfairness of some receiving significant economic benefit and leading to controversies The diversity of developers; owner schemes and business models The large diversity in how developers work with Municipalities – the planning authority Some developers work inside the designated “wind areas” assigned in the strategic planning process; others work “all over the place”

14 14 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Preliminary findings …3 Confusion over the perceived role of the municipalities: designating areas for wind turbines can make them appear that they are acting like (or on behalf of) developers The phrase “paradigm shift” is used by the developers themselves (= from coop to international and commercial business)

15 15 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Developer typology Ref: Tom Cronin, DTU Vindenergi

16 16 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Issue of facts versus feelings Developers often look at people’s concerns over noise and visual impacts as a matter of ignorance and fear of the unknown –Developers try to solve it through: Providing more data Having informal talks Inviting them to see wind farms Having coffee and cake Visiting them

17 17 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Issue of access to land Wind power development in Denmark is a matter of access to scarce land resources Municipal plans designates potential areas for wind power development –developers compete for land inside the municipal strategic plan or look for sites outside of municipal strategic plan To avoid competition and high land prices Knowing the most productive sites better  Early negotiations with powerful landowners   lack of transparency  lack of trust

18 18 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Issue of making space for wind power Uneven spatial distribution and increasingly scarce land resources –Large wind farms in remote, sparsely populated areas –Developers buy up properties to make space for larger wind farms  Larger areas and larger distance to dwellings to  avoid neighbour conflicts  large wind power plants (efficiency)  integration with landscape development News from Vattenfall 23 Jan 2015

19 19 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Issue of monetary compensation Renewable Energy Act (2008): Four “local acceptance schemes” 1. Community benefit scheme (‘Green Scheme’) (fixed amount allocated to municipalities installing wind; EUR 12,000/MW) 2. Compensation Scheme (compensation of financial if loss more than 1% decrease of property value) 3. Community co-ownership Scheme (Obligation for all developers to sell at least 20% of shares to local community (4.5km radius)) 4. Community benefit Scheme (Guarantee Scheme for local associations) Current challenges Low electricity price hampers interest in buying shares Perception of ‘bribery’ Lacking contribution to local development Can we support social acceptance through monetary means?

20 20 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Mulige synergier ved placering af vindmøller? Ved havne Ved industrianlæg Ved motorveje og andre større veje Langs jernbaner Store landbrug Ikoniske placeringer hvor mange ser dem

21 21 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 25 August 2016 Mange tak for din opmærksomhed Colourbox Kontakt: Niels-Erik Clausen necl@dtu.dk 20215079 Projektleder Kristian Borch krbo@dtu.dk Spørgsmål?