P-net, bluetooth, ZigBee, ARCnet og TTP

P-net

P-NET Data Link Layer Create and recognize frame boundaries Node address fieldControl/StatusInfo lengthInfo fieldError det bytes1 byte bytes1 - 2 bytes Frame format Bit xxxxxxxxx1 1 stop bit Address/data bit (1 = address) 8 data bit 1 start bit

Frame: Node address field Each node has a unique node address (NA = 1-125) Bits –0-6node address –7request = 0, response = 1 Node address –0internal applications –126broadcasting without acknowledge –127reserved for test.

Virtuel token parsing

Bluetooth

ZigBee Hvorfor ikke bluetooth eller WLAN. Fx: hjem med 100 wireless control/sensor devices. Case 1: Rx power is 667 mW = 3.33 megawatt Case 2: Rx power is 100 mW = 500 kilowatt Case 3: Rx power is 30 mW = 150 kilowatt Case 4: power cycle. 1% (typisk duty cycle) = 150 watt!

ZigBee

–Star netwærk En enkelt ZigBee coordinator med en eller flere ZigBee End Devices (op til 65,536) –Cluster tree netværk. –Mesh network med routing.

ZigBee IEEE defined ZigBee TM Alliance defined End manufacturer defined Layer function Layer interface Physical (PHY) Layer Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer Network (NWK) Layer - Application Support Sublayer (APS) APS Message Broker ASL Security Management APS Security Management Reflector Management Application Object 240 Application Object 1 … Application (APL) Layer ZigBee Device Object (ZDO) Endpoint 240 APSDE-SAP Endpoint 1 APSDE-SAP Endpoint 0 APSDE-SAP NLDE-SAP MLDE-SAP MLME-SAP PD-SAP PLME-SAP NWK Security Management NWK Message Broker Routing Management Network Management 2.4 GHz Radio Security Service Provider ZDO Public Interfaces Application Framework ZDO Management Plane APSME-SAP NLME-SAP

ZigBee 4 frame typer: Beacon Data MAC command Acknowledge

ARCNET Host 1Host 2Host n Token-bus net..... Hastighed : max 10 Mbit/s Antal hosts pr. segment: 255 dvs ID: 1-255

Opstart af token Hvis en maskine ikke er med dvs ingen INVITATION TO TRANSMIT i 420  S. Så råber den ''ALLE SKAL DØ'' RECONFIGURATION BURST gange Her efter: Når bus bliver IDLE vent 41  S + 73  S * (255-ID) Hvis stabig IDLE så: Send INVITATION TO TRANSMIT til mig selv samt find næste hoat men mindre ID Ellers: Vent til en sender INVITATION TO TRANSMIT til mig

Find NID NID er ID'en for den host med nærmeste lavere ID. NID = ID NID--; Send ITT to NID hvis ingen aktivitet i 37,4  S så hop: ellers stop ca 3 km frem samt tilbage= 15  S + 15  S plus opstartstid ca 6.4  S.

Pakkeformat Der sendes byte enheder: xxxx-xxxx bit Invitation To Transmit: ITT EOTDID End Of Transmission: 04Hex To gange Distination ID

Pakkeformat Free Buffer Enquiries ENQDID Enquiry: 85Hex To gange Distination ID Acknowledgement ACK 86Hex Negative Acknowledgement NAK 15Hex

Pakkeformat DataPakke SOHDID Start Of Header: 01Hex To gange Distination ID SID Source ID... DATACRCSCCRCCOUNT 256-N for short packet 512-N for long packet 0 for long packet byte X + X + X + X

Data transmision Sender: ID Modtage: DID ITT til ID send FBE send ACK send DataPacket send ACK ITT til NID

TDMA

TTP MEDL-tabel for note Time Buf add. D L I T

Pakkeformat StartOf Frame Header Data CRC Header: 1 Bit I/N-frame og 3bit Mode change CRC Normal Init Global time, current MEDL index, Membership vector

Tradmark (Name)Application areaTechnologyCapacitySupport Controller Area Network (CAN) automotive industry, cars, forklifters, tractors CSMA/CA 40m: 1 mbps 500m: 125kbps Intel embedded controllers (80517). Keil RT-51. DeviceNet from Allen Bradley ProfibusProces control Higher level token rotation. Lower level master slave. 2 mbps on rs-485 Siemens Simatic EN50170 P-net Proces control Virtual higher level token rotation. Lower level master slave kbps on rs-485 P-net from Proces Data EN50170 Attached Ressource Computer Network ARC-net Robot control, Marine automation Token bus.2-5 mbps on rs-485 Mitsubitsi ATOMOS EN50170 Time Triggered ProtocolCar automation, x-by wireTDMA2 mbps Tttech, Tech Univ. of Vienna. Herman Kopetz LONproces controlCSMA/CD mbps EcheLon LonWorks Motorola Highway Adressable Remote Transducer (HART) Transducer communication FSK on 4-20 mA Master Slave 3-4 req. / sec. InterBusProcescontrol Master Slave. Summation Frame Protocol 500 kpbs on rs-485 Bitbus radio broadcast and telecommunication systems building automation Master Slave300 kbps on rs-485 FireWire Connecting video and audio equiptment in PC-env. Combined Daisy Chain and TDMA mbps on tw. pair. (4.5 m.) IEEE 1394 Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) all purpose LAN space applications Token ring 100 mbps on fiber optics or tw. pair. (100km, max 2 km betw. stations.) IEEE Industrial Ethernet

Transmission Error Control Tilføje ekstra bit til pakker således at der bliver en given mindste afstand (Hamming afstand) mellem lovlige pakker. Fx. Even paritet som giver Hamming afstand på 2.

Transmission Error Control Hamming afstand: d min = 5. Max antal fejl der kan detekteres: d min - 1. Max antal fejl der kan rettes: ( d min - 1) / 2.

CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check IEEE CRC-32: x32+x26+x23+x22+x16+x12+x11+x10+x8+x7+x5+x4+x2+x1+1 Dvs ARCnet: CRC-16 x^16 + x15 + x ^ Dvs CAN bus: CRC-CCITT X^16+X^12+X^5+1 Dvs

CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check List af de mest brugte CRC polynomier CRC-12: X^12+X^11+X^3+X^2+X+1 CRC-16: X^16+X^15+X^2+1 CRC-CCITT: X^16+X^12+X^5+1 CRC-32: X^32+X^26+X^23+X^22+X^16+X^12+ X^11+X^10+X^8+X^7+X^5+X^4+X^2+X+1 The CRC-12 bruges til 6-bits streams. Både CRC-16 og CCRC-CCITT er for 8 bits streams. CRC-32 giver ekstra sikkerhed da der generes en 32 bit Checksum. CRC-32 bruges i fx. (IEEE-802).

CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check Polynomie: Data: : Remainder Checksum

CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check