Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Pipelines and Problematizations: The Restricted Number of Women.

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1 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Pipelines and Problematizations: The Restricted Number of Women in Danish Academia Anette Borchorst

2 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark  The pipe line perspective on Danish Academia  Leaking pipelines at Aalborg University  Policy recommendations and (lacking) problematizations Outline

3 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark  Focus on recruitment and barriers to women in the academic career system  Questions the time lag explanation of incremental emerging gender balance  Challenges a focus on individual behaviour, more attention to structural explanations The pipe line perspective

4 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark

5 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark The leaking pipeline perspective at AAU

6 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark  14.185 enrolled students (46. pct. ♀)  1274 faculty (2007): 313 PhD students (30 pct. ♀) 168 Assistant professors (26. pct. ♀) 411 Associate professors (20 pct. ♀) 127 Professors (9 pct. ♀)  Around 70 percent of all scientific positions in enginering and science Aalborg University (1974)

7 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark  2006, Gender Equality Committee  Development contract 2006-2008: 7→14 female professors  Development contract 2008-2010: 9→14 female professors  University board December 2007: high priority to gender equality  Resources for a quantitative and a qualitative investigation Gender quality initiatives at AAU

8 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Proportions of positions with one applicant

9 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Proportions of positions with female applicants

10 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark  There is only direct competiton between the genders in about 10 percent of the positions  In over half of the positions, there was only one male qualified applicant  When there is competition about the positions, the female applicants are not assessed qualified to the same extent as the male Hiring processes

11 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Positive aspects The options for reflection and concentration You can decide for yourself on the topics, you want to concentrate on Flexivility Problems: Working environment is highly competive Uncertain career perspectives Work-life balance Experiences with a scientific career

12 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark  It has been possible to recruit women for many years at AAU  The gender imbalance is not due to time lag problems  There is a clear gender hierarchy at all the faculties  There is a leaking pipelin, the system leaks women thoruout the whole pipe line  Women have to compete for positions much more than men  Parents of small children experience problems in some work cultures Conclusions

13 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Denmark: A forerunner in gender equality?? indexhttp://www.weforum.org/pdf/gendergap/report2008.pdf

14 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Women in academia The life of women and men in Europe: A statistical portrait, eurostat 2008

15 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark

16 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Gender equality paradoxes

17 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Gender equality paradoxes

18 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Number of qualified applicants for professorships, associate professorships and assistant professorships, 2004-2006 Qualified applicants in pct. Positions in total 1 applicant 42 680 2 applicants 21 332 3 applicants 12 185 More than 3 applicants 25 405 I alt 100 1602

19 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Borchorst, Anette, Ruth Emerek, Britt Østergaard Larsen & Dorte Cohr Lützen (2008). Ligestilling ad nye veje, Køn i forskerstillinger på Aalborg Universitet, Ligestillingsudvalget, Aalborg Universitet. Emerek, Ruth & Britt Østergaard Larsen (2008). Lige veje ind i forskning – Kønnets betydning, Aalborg Universitet, http://www.ligestilling.aau.dk/ligeveje.pdf http://www.ligestilling.aau.dk/ligeveje.pdf Dorte Cohr Lützen (2008). Køn og karriere på Aalborg Uni versitet, Aalborg Universitet, http://www.ligestilling.aau.dk/koenkarriere.pdf Henningsen, Inge & Lis Højgård (2002). ”The Leaking Pipeline”. Øjebliksbilleder af kønnede in- og eksklusionsprocesser i Akademia, Arbejdspapir nr. 9, Køn i den akademiske organisation, Københavns Universitet: Institut for Statskundskab. Udvalget for Ligestilling i Forskning (1998). Ligestilling i forskning, København: Forskningsministeriet. Videnskabsministeriet, Tænketank om flere kvinder i forskning, VTU 2005. Alle talenter i spil – flere kvinder i forskning. Literature

20 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark

21 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Proportion of female candidates, AAU 1981-2007 Figur 1. Kvindeandel blandt kandidater 1981-2007 fra AAU’s fakulteter*

22 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Proportion of female PhD students

23 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Proportion of women in assistant, associate and full professorships, Faculty of Humanities, AAU

24 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Proportion of women in assistant, associate and full professorships, Faculty of Social Sciences, AAU

25 Anette Borchorst, FREIA, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark Proportion of women in assistant, associate and full professorships, Faculty of Science and engineering, AAU