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Spin-off fra rumfarten UNF foredrag 25. oktober 2007 Flemming Hansen IT & Teknologichef Danmarks Rumcenter/DTU

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1 Spin-off fra rumfarten UNF foredrag 25. oktober 2007 Flemming Hansen IT & Teknologichef Danmarks Rumcenter/DTU http://www.rumcenter.dk

2 F ø rst lidt om Danmarks Rumcenter (DRC) Fra dannelsen i 1968 og indtil 31. dec. 2006 var Danmarks Rumcenter var et sektorforsknings-institut under Ministeriet for Videnskab Teknokogi og Udvikling 1. jan. 2007 fusionerede DRC og fire andre sektorforskningsinstitutter med Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, og DRC er nu et DTU institut. Danmarks Rumcenter har til opgave at sikre Danmarks status som h ø jteknologisk rumfartsnation og fremme udbyttet af nationale og internationale rumaktiviteter inden for forskning, uddannelse, erhvervsliv og myndighedsarbejde. Forskningsomr å der: Astrofysik (kompakte objekter, universets storskala struktur), solsystemets fysik, jordens tyngde- og magnetfelter, geod æ si, geodynamik, jordobservation, solens indflydelse p å jordens klima, rumteknologi (r ø ntgenspejle og – optik, r æ ntgendetektorer, stjernekameraer, megnetometre), DRC har p.t. 112 medarbejdere og er danmarks st ø rste rumforsknings- organisation. Hjemmeside: http://www.rumcenter.dk

3 Hvad er spin-off fra rumfarten? Vi kender alle historien om at teflon-panderne, de keramiske komfurer og velcro-båndet er spin-off fra rumterknolgien … men er det rigtigt ? Nej, Teflon (Polytetrafluoroethylene - PTFE) blev opfundet ved et tilfælde af Roy Plunkett fra Kinetic Chemicals i 1938. Kinetic Chemicals patenterede det i 1941 og registrerede Teflon varemærket i 1944. Det originale patent- nummer er US2,230,654. I 1950 overtog DuPont Kinetic Chemicals. I 1954 fremstillede den franske ingeniør Marc Grégoire den første pande med Teflon non-stick belægning under varemærket TEFAL, efter hans hustru. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytetrafluoroethylene TEFAL Jamie Oliver serie køkkentøj

4 Velcro Velcro-båndet blev opfundet i 1948 af en schweizisk ingeniør George de Mestral. Han fik idéen efter at have undersøgt de burrer, der satte sig fast på hans tøj og i hans hunds pels under en vandretur i alperne. Han undersøgte burrens struktur og så muligheden for at binde to emner sammen med kroge og løkker og indgav patentansøgnig i 1951. Patentet udstedtes i 1955. De Mestral gav hans opfindelse navnet "VELCRO" after det franske ord “velours” og “crochet” (krog)'. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velcro Burre

5 Keramiske komfurer Glaskeramik er et materiale der har en struktur der både minder om den mikrokrystallinske struktur i keramik og den amorfe struktur i glas. Den krystallingke struktur opstår ved at en blanding af glasser på basis af lithium-, silicium-, og aluminiumoxider (positiv temperatur- udvidelseskoefficient) og en keramisk komponent på basis af Spodumene (negativ temperaturudvidelseskoefficient), som er et lithium aluminium inosilikat - LiAl(SiO 3 ) 2. brændeovne Resultatet er et tæt, hårdt og modstandsdygtigt materiale med nær nul temperaturudvidelseskoefficient, som tåler termisk shock (f.ex. når gryden koger over) Glaskeramik blev først fremstillet af Schott Glaswerke AG. Varemærker for Schott Glaswerke AG: Ceran (keramiske komfurer) - 1971, Eurokera (keramiske komfurer, br æ ndeovne m.m.) Zerodur (teleskopspejle og optiske instrumenter) - 1968 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass-ceramic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schott_Glass

6 Mamagoose Pyjamas – forhindring af vuggedød Vuggedød har en hyppighed af ca. 3 pr 10000 babyer indenfor de første 6 levemåneder. Mamagoose Pyjamas er et resultat af ESA’s rumteknologi og er udviklet af Vrije Universiteit Brussel og Verhaert Design & Development i Belgien Der benyttes teknologi fra ESA’s ”Analogue Biomechanics Recorder Experiment” og “Respiratory Inductive Plethysmograph Suit”. Dragten indeholder sensorer for både åndedræts- og hjertefunktion. Dragten er vaskbar. http://www.esa.int/esaCP/ESARDG2VMOC_index_0.html Er der da slet ikke noget spin-off fra space ? Pris: ca. 15000 kr …….

7 Hvad siger ESA ellers om spin-off ? ESA BR-184 rapportserie med spin-off successer: http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/TTP2/SEMQ6WRMTWE_0.html  Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are extraordinary materials. Forces sufficient to fracture rock are exerted as SMAs revert to their 'remembered' state. This phenomenon can be successfully harnessed to quarry marble.  Water is one of the largest consumable items by weight on manned spacecraft. To help reduce the amount of water needed to be launched from the ground, technologists at ESA's research centre in Holland have developed an innovative automated filtration system to recycle waste or ‘grey’ water into drinking water. The same filtration technology is now being considered for recycling waste water on ocean cruise liners.  Messier-Bugatti, France, produced a novel carbon braking system based on a carbon matrix reinforced by long carbon fibres called Sepcarb® for use on aircraft. Similar systems have also been employed on Formula 1 racing cars, road vehicles and passenger trains.

8  The active damping of a truss structure using piezoelectric actuators was successfully demonstrated as early as 1989 and attracted interest from the European Space Agency. This early success led to several collaborations with European aerospace companies and research laboratories and an in-orbit active damping experiment was flown in 1995 (CFIE). From this beginning, Micromega Dynamics was formed in 1999.  Filament-wound gas bottles. Through its support to many space-related programmes, the French company Aerospatiale has developed a considerable capability in the area of composite filament-winding technologies. In particular, it has developed a capability to produce wound filament composite high-pressure gas bottles with considerable weight savings over metal bottles having the same specification.

9  Gearing up for electric bikes. STAM srl, Genova, invented the Nutating Gear for space applications based on the principle of nutation. The most recent application of the reduction gear is to enable the development of a retrofit to power electric bicycles based on space batteries. This led to the idea of using the reduction gear to obtain a light, durable and cheap device, which can be easily fitted to any traditional bicycle. The small device called PLUG2DRIVE weights less than 3 kg, and has a battery that can run for 80 km in urban areas. The device will cost less than 150 Euros and will be maintenance free.  Theft from lorries and haulage containers is a growing problem throughout Europe and those with sides made of fabric are particularly vulnerable to attack. Cargo containers spend a lot of time unattended in loading or storage depots and their tarpaulin covers, while light and convenient to use, offer little protection against the knives of vandals and thieves. Societé Ariegeoise de Bonneterie, France, following the success of its flame- proof textiles used on the Ariane rockets, had modified its knitting technique to create from steel wire a flexible fabric which was extremely difficult to cut.

10  The Canadian company Canpolar East developed Kinotex, a novel sensor that emulates human touch and can be applied like a skin or sleeve to cover entire robotic limbs. The sensor consists of a sheet or block of polymer foam with an opto-electronic transducer embedded in it. When the foam is deformed, its optical properties are altered, generating a proportional signal in the transducer. Automotive companies have acquired the rights to develop pressure-sensitive car seats that help increase safety. Kinotex sensors are also being considered for incorporation into energy-absorbing bumpers for determining the severity of crashes.

11 Hvad siger NASA om spin-off ? NASA spin-off top 20: http://ipp.nasa.gov/spinoff_top_20a.pdf  A water filtration system providing safe, affordable drinking water throughout the world  Remote-controlled tractors with a margin of error of one centimeter  A bacterial spore-detection system - the Anthrax Smoke Detector  A low-cost device that creates electrical energy out of mechanical energy  Therapeutic cooling and heating suits  Restore grounds contaminated by chemical compounds used during rocket launches in the early days of the space age  LED chips are lighting the way for wound healing and chronic pain alleviation  An adjustable patient harness system is used to treat patients recovering from traumatic brain injury, stroke, spinal cord injury, and hip or knee replacement - hi-tech rollator

12  Development of sophisticated crash test dummies and computer crash test models that provide repeatable, computerized evaluations of laceration injuries.  A powerful tool for U.S. law enforcement agencies and military personnel to identify suspicious liquid and solid substances  Development of Liquidmetal, a new type of metal that is twice as strong as titanium but behaves more like a plastic with its flexible, moldable properties.  Advancement in aviation safety providing pilots with a synthetic vision system. This system provides a real- time, forward-looking depiction of terrain in 3D, directly on the primary flight display, regardless of the time of day or weather conditions.  Innovative geospatial solutions for a variety of applications, including: a crop prescription service for farmers; a disaster management networking tool for local, state, and Federal governments; and an educational service for young farmers.

13  A tunable diode laser-based gas sensor is now employed on flying aircraft as a means to measure water vapor and thus deliver real-time weather forecasting and help pilots avoid dangerous weather condition  Intelligent oven that consumers can program to start cooking dinner before they get home, via a cell phone, PDA, or Internet connection.  A low-cost, lightweight parachute is being used to lower small airplanes safely to the ground in emergency situations.  Commercial tactical reconnaissance robots are being used in Afghanistan and Iraq to help U.S. troops clear caves and bunkers.  New eye-tracking device for LASIK surgery.  A ventricular assist device that functions as a “bridge to heart transplant” by pumping blood throughout the body to keep critically ill patients alive until a donor heart is available.

14 Jamen er der da ikke en killer-app, der er spin-off fra space ? http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=23187 Jo, det er der, i hvert fald ifølge NASA selv. Tale af Michael D. Griffin, NASA Administrator, til World Economic Forum, Davos, Schweiz d. 26. jan. 2007. …. I am sure that many of you would agree with me that the greatest revolution in our productivity and way of life has been the development of the personal computer, internet and various handheld communication devices. Thirty-five years ago, engineers like me used three pieces of wood and a piece of plastic that moved -- the slide rule -- to make calculations. Thirty years ago, 1,000 transistors could fit on a silicon chip; today, it's 100 million. The cost of such chips has dropped by a factor of 100,000. Few people know that the development of the first microprocessors was born of a competition between Fairchild and Intel in the 1960s, to build components small enough to fit in NASA spacecraft. This straightforward NASA technical requirement spawned a whole new industry that grew in ways few, except perhaps Gordon Moore, could predict. Necessity is the mother of invention, and I believe that we are at our most creative when we embark on bold ventures like the space program.

15 Portable Pulmonary Function System - PFS Benyttes på rumstationen til non-invasiv måling af astronauternes hjerte og lungefunktion Innocor TM er den “civile” udgave af PFS Comprehensive applications in all areas of heart failure, cardiovascular diseases and hemodialyses. This unique device provides a reliable clinical technology to perform an accurate non-invasive measurement of cardiac output and oxygen uptake even during exercise. Danske spin-off eksempler DAMEC Research ApS & Innovision A/S http://www.damec.dk/damec2/04-SpaceDev/044-PPFS.asp http://www.innovision.dk/Default.asp?ID=55

16 Danske spin-off eksempler FORCE Technology http://www.forcetechnology.com/da/Header/News/NewsArchive/2007/June/070622_danskopfindelsebagge nnembrudirumteknologi.htm?&MSHiC=65001&L=2&W=RAKETMOTORER%20raketmotor%20&Pre=%3 CFONT%20STYLE%3D%22color%3A%20%23000000%3B%20background- color%3A%20%23FFFF00%22%3E&Post=%3C/FONT%3E Svejsning af raketdyser FORCE har udviklet en automatisk svejseteknologi til fastsvejsning af det tynde skørt, der danner den ydre skal i raketdysen, med en røntgenbaseret sensor, som finder den skjulte ribbe og styrer laseren, der svejser ribbe og skørt sammen. Skørt Raketdyse med ribber Laserstråle Vulcain motoren i Ariane 5 raketten

17 Andre former for spin-off Satellitter er et af fundamenterne for et moderne samfund Satellit-TV og satellitkommunikation Geostationære satellitter

18 Uden kommunikationssatellitter... •Ingen EuroSport, MTV, Disney Channel, Discovery Channel, CNN...... •Ingen eller kun up å lidelige telefon- eller internetforbindelser med afsidesliggende lande, f.ex. Gr ø nland •Ingen eller kun sparsom kommunikation fra katstrofeomr å der •Ingen muligheder for hurtigt at f å overblik over situationen og planl æ gge hj æ lpe- aktioner •Ingen live TV nyheder •Kun meget f å muligheder for befolkningen i lande med undertrykkende regimer til f å uafh æ ngige oplysninger om verden udenfor Satellitjordstaton i Nuussuaq, Upernavik Andre former for spin-off

19 Vejrsatellitter NOAA-17 Uden vejssatellitterne ville vejrudsigterne være langt mere upålidelige og vi ville kun langt dårligere kunne overvåge og forudsige voldsomme vejrfænomener som hurricanes, tyfoner, skybrud....

20 Meteosat skyfilm Første satellit i en ny serie geostationære vejrsatellitter MSG-1 opsendtes 27. aug. 2002 Klimaovervågning bliver et stadig mere påtrængende emne i fremtiden, og her vil satellitterne spille en afgørende rolle Vejrsatellitter

21 Oversvømmelse i New Orleans Katrina set fra satellit 29 aug. 2005 Katrina “går i land”

22 Miljøovervågning Støvstorm fra Sahara over de Canariske Øer 13. feb. 2001

23 Røg fra skovbrande omkring Moskva blæses hen over over Danmark 10. Sept. 2002 Miljøovervågning

24 Luftforurening – NO 2 koncentration over Europa Miljøovervågning

25 Ozonhullet over Antarktis Miljøovervågning

26 Algeopblomstring i danske farvande Miljøovervågning

27 Detektion af olieudslip på havet fra satellit – her tankskibet Prestige ud for Spaniens kyst 17. nov. 2002 Forstørret udsnit Miljøovervågning

28 Satellitnavigation GARMIN eTrex De 24 GPS Satellitter GPS GARMIN ForeRunner 305 GARMIN nüvi 750 NOKIA Smartphone N95 med GPS

29 Overvågning http://www.geoeye.com/ Eiffeltårnet i Paris, set fra IKONOS satellitten 1 m detaljer

30 Havnen i Abu Dhabi, set fra Quickbird satellitten. http://www.digitalglobe.com 0.6 m detaljer Overvågning

31 IKONOS satellitten (Israel) 1 m opløsning QUICKBIRD satellitten (USA) 0.6 m opløsning HELIOS 2A satellitten (Frankrig) 0.25 m opløsning (???) ? KeyHole KH-12 satellitten (USA) 0.1 m opløsning (???) Spionsatellitter

32 Lyngby station d. 4. Nov. 2002 kl. 07:24 55 cm opløsning11 cm opløsning Hvad kan spionsatellitterne se ?

33 Spin-in og spin-off I rumalderens første par tiår var rumfart suverænt teknologiførende Andre teknologiområder var kun svage drivkræfter til sammenligning. I dag er billedet i en vis forstand vendt, idet computere og telekommunikation er blevet enorme drivkræfter for teknologiudvikling på grund af deres enorme markedspotentiale, som slet ikke fandtes i rumalderens første tid. Derfor sker der I stort omfang også ey spin-in af teknologier fra disse områder til rumfarten, fordi, der ikke længere er et “tag-selv-bord” for ruminvesteringer som i Apollo-perioden. Spin-off faktor Europæiske studier kan dokumentere en høj spin-off faktor af investeringer I rumfart og rumforskning: Faktoren ligger på 7-8. Norsk Romsenter kan dokumentere en “ringvirksningsfaktor” på ~4.5 I Danmark vil der blive foretaget en lignende undersøgelse i 2008.

34 Min egen tese om det måske mest betydningsfulde spin-off fra space Væksten i antallet af demokratiske nationer i sidste halvdel af det 20. århundrede skyldes efter min overbevisning i høj grad udbredelsen af rundspredning af TV via satellit … men jeg har ikke haft mulighed for undersøge det i dybden, så jeg kan føre bevis for det.

35 Data fra FreedomHouse http://www.freedomhouse.org


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